Application Architecture Interview Questions and Answers in 2025 (100+ Q&A)

Application Architecture Team Lead/ Tech Lead

Ques:- About CLR, reflection and assemblies?

Asked In :- NSOFT SOLUTIONS, Rits Software, edgeverve, metacube software, vymo, flowable,

Right Answer:
CLR (Common Language Runtime) is the execution engine for .NET applications, managing memory, security, and execution. Reflection is a feature that allows inspection of metadata about assemblies, types, and members at runtime, enabling dynamic type creation and method invocation. Assemblies are compiled code libraries in .NET, consisting of one or more files, and serve as the fundamental building blocks of .NET applications, containing metadata and resources.

Application Architecture Team Lead/ Tech Lead

Ques:- Could you please give me the diagram of BO 6.5 Architecture or explain about the tires?

Asked In :- LabVantage, Polus Software, avaya, benefitfocus, defence equipment & support (de&s), eleks, eq technologic, eximius design, opg,

Right Answer:
The BusinessObjects (BO) 6.5 architecture typically consists of three tiers:

1. **Client Tier**: This includes tools like Web Intelligence, Crystal Reports, and Dashboard Designer, where users create and view reports.

2. **Application Server Tier**: This tier hosts the BusinessObjects services, including the Central Management Server (CMS), which manages user access and security, and the Report Server, which processes report requests.

3. **Database Tier**: This is where the repository databases reside, storing metadata, user data, and report data. It can include databases like Oracle, SQL Server, or others.

A diagram would typically show these three tiers with arrows indicating communication between them.

Application Architecture Team Lead/ Tech Lead

Ques:- What is Difference between thread and process?

Asked In :- Recodem, Anlage Infotech (I), iNube Software Solutions, Cinif Technologies, Information Evolution, sca technologies, prokarma, linkites infotech pvt ltd, techware solution,

Right Answer:
A process is an independent program in execution with its own memory space, while a thread is a smaller unit of a process that shares the same memory space and resources with other threads of the same process.

Application Architecture Team Lead/ Tech Lead

Ques:- What is the difference between 2-Tier architecture and3-Tier architecture

Asked In :- ANSYS Software, Surya Tech Solutions, Digital Core Technologies, qualcomm, iress, eq technologic, sharp software development india, opsgenie, sigma s.a., cbss/visa vale,

Right Answer:
2-Tier architecture consists of a client and a server, where the client directly communicates with the database server. In contrast, 3-Tier architecture adds an intermediate layer (the application server) between the client and the database server, allowing for better separation of concerns, scalability, and manageability.

Application Architecture Team Lead/ Tech Lead

Ques:- What is Localisation?

Asked In :- Miraki Technologies, defence equipment & support (de&s), vmware airwatch, connectwise, eleks, guardant health, therap services, moogsoft, tvs next, metacube software,

Right Answer:
Localization is the process of adapting a product or content to meet the language, cultural, and other specific needs of a particular region or market.

Application Architecture Team Lead/ Tech Lead

Ques:- If there are too many page faults what is the problem?

Asked In :- Softeon India, Dassault Systemes, Cue Health Inc, eq technologic, aspect ratio, blubirch, cirruslabs,

Right Answer:
Too many page faults indicate that the system is spending excessive time retrieving data from disk instead of using RAM, leading to decreased performance and increased latency. This often suggests insufficient physical memory or inefficient memory management.

Application Architecture Team Lead/ Tech Lead

Ques:- Which one is not needed for Multi-pgm. enviornment?

Asked In :- f5 networks, gallagher, ils, aspect ratio,

Right Answer:
Single program execution model.

Application Architecture Team Lead/ Tech Lead

Ques:- To ensure one pgm. doesnt corrupt other pgm. in a Multi-pgm.enviornment .what you should do?

Asked In :- Sysco Software, codec ireland, a2 hosting, bigpanda, aurigo software technologies,

Right Answer:
To ensure one program doesn't corrupt another in a multi-program environment, you should implement process isolation, use sandboxing techniques, and enforce strict access controls to shared resources.

Application Architecture Team Lead/ Tech Lead

Ques:- What is 3 tier, 2 tier and n tier client server architechure? Explain in detail.

Asked In :- connectwise, a2 hosting, rigor, aurigo software technologies,

Right Answer:
**2-Tier Architecture:**
In a 2-tier architecture, the client directly communicates with the server. The client handles the presentation layer, while the server manages the data layer. This setup is typically used in small applications where the client and server are closely linked.

**3-Tier Architecture:**
In a 3-tier architecture, there are three distinct layers:
1. **Presentation Layer** (Client): The user interface where users interact with the application.
2. **Application Layer** (Middle Tier): This layer processes business logic and communicates between the presentation and data layers.
3. **Data Layer** (Server): This layer manages data storage and retrieval.

This separation allows for better scalability, maintainability, and flexibility.

**N-Tier Architecture:**
N-tier architecture extends the 3-tier model by adding more layers, which can include additional services like caching, load balancing, or integration with external services. Each layer can be distributed across different servers, enhancing scalability and allowing

Application Architecture Team Lead/ Tech Lead

Ques:- What is overloading in WCF?how to do autentication in WCF.

Asked In :- Caliber Technologies, Sagacity Software, Netcracker Technology, esspl, flexera software, flexisaf edusoft limited,

Right Answer:
Overloading in WCF refers to the ability to define multiple service operations with the same name but different parameters, allowing clients to call the appropriate method based on the arguments provided.

Authentication in WCF can be done using various methods, such as Windows Authentication, Username/Password authentication, or token-based authentication (like JWT). You can configure the desired authentication method in the service's web.config or app.config file under the `<system.serviceModel>` section.

Application Architecture Team Lead/ Tech Lead

Ques:- What do you test in compatability for client server and web application? ?

Asked In :- ANSYS Software, Provakil Technologies, Orion Innovation, vmware airwatch, ibp, tvs next,

Right Answer:
In compatibility testing for client-server and web applications, you test the following:

1. **Browser Compatibility**: Ensure the application works across different web browsers (Chrome, Firefox, Safari, etc.) and their versions.
2. **Operating System Compatibility**: Verify functionality on various operating systems (Windows, macOS, Linux) and their versions.
3. **Device Compatibility**: Test on different devices (desktops, laptops, tablets, smartphones) to ensure a responsive design.
4. **Network Compatibility**: Check performance over different network conditions (Wi-Fi, 4G, 5G) and speeds.
5. **Database Compatibility**: Ensure the application interacts correctly with various database systems if applicable.
6. **Third-party Integration**: Test compatibility with third-party services and APIs used by the application.
7. **Security Compatibility**: Verify that security features work across different platforms and configurations.

Application Architecture Team Lead/ Tech Lead

Ques:- What is Loader?

Asked In :- IT Cube Solutions, Cinif Technologies, Java R&D, YouView, Hiya, benefitfocus, logic-fruit technologies, epicenter, linkites infotech pvt ltd, hms host,

Right Answer:
A loader is a program that loads executable files into memory and prepares them for execution by the operating system. It handles the process of reading the program's code and data from storage, allocating memory space, and linking any necessary libraries or resources.

Application Architecture Team Lead/ Tech Lead

Ques:- If try is followed by finally block what happen to exceptionoccured in try block

Asked In :- Anlage Infotech (I), Softeon India, Christie Digital, sap fieldglass, qnx software systems, sharp software development india, symphony summit, opg,

Right Answer:
If an exception occurs in the try block, the finally block will still execute regardless of whether the exception is handled or not. If the exception is not caught, it will propagate after the finally block executes.

Application Architecture Team Lead/ Tech Lead

Ques:- What is the diffrence between plc&dcs

Asked In :- Cinif Technologies, Orion Innovation, eleks, energy exemplar, jumpcloud, tsi, hugo technology limited,

Right Answer:
PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) is primarily used for discrete control and automation of machinery, while DCS (Distributed Control System) is used for continuous process control in large industrial systems. PLCs are typically more suited for individual machine control, whereas DCS is designed for complex processes involving multiple control loops and distributed control elements.

Application Architecture Team Lead/ Tech Lead

Ques:- What is n tier ?

Asked In :- IT Cube Solutions, ACPL Systems, Cue Health Inc, vmware airwatch, auth0, relativity,

Right Answer:
N-tier architecture is a software architecture model that separates an application into multiple layers or tiers, typically including presentation, application logic, and data storage. Each tier is independent and can communicate with others over a network, allowing for better scalability, maintainability, and separation of concerns.

Application Architecture Team Lead/ Tech Lead

Ques:- What is architecture of IIS?

Asked In :- ANSYS Software, GrayMatter Software Services, liberty global, rigor,

Right Answer:
The architecture of Internet Information Services (IIS) is based on a modular design that includes the following key components:

1. **HTTP.sys**: The kernel-mode HTTP listener that handles requests and responses.
2. **IIS Worker Process (w3wp.exe)**: The user-mode process that executes web applications and handles requests.
3. **Application Pools**: Isolates web applications for better security and reliability.
4. **Modules**: Extensible components that process requests, such as authentication, authorization, and logging.
5. **Handlers**: Process specific types of requests, like static files or dynamic content.
6. **Management Tools**: Interfaces like IIS Manager for configuration and monitoring.

This architecture allows for efficient request processing, scalability, and management of web applications.

Application Architecture Team Lead/ Tech Lead

Ques:- What is DLL?

Asked In :- MicroGenesis Techsoft, YouView, Dxc Technology India, iress, razorpay,

Right Answer:
A DLL, or Dynamic Link Library, is a file that contains code and data that can be used by multiple programs simultaneously, allowing for code reuse and modularization in software development.

Application Architecture Team Lead/ Tech Lead

Ques:- Bo 6.5 is a 3 tier architecture. Tell me the names of the tiers?

Asked In :- Christie Digital, Netwin Systems & Software, Cue Health Inc, f5 networks, benefitfocus, eleks, keeptruckin, starlims corporation, endeca,

Right Answer:
The three tiers of BO 6.5 architecture are:

1. Presentation Tier
2. Application Tier
3. Database Tier

Application Architecture Team Lead/ Tech Lead

Ques:- Is there a way to be able to change an image(company logo) dynamically in a report? Example if you have 100 reports, and with the market uncertainity if you anticipate that the company logo might change, how can you change the image just in one place and have this reflected in all teh reports at run time?

Asked In :- Anlage Infotech (I), defence equipment & support (de&s), object edge, macedon technologies, endeca, fern software,

Right Answer:
Yes, you can achieve this by storing the company logo image in a centralized location, such as a database or a shared file server. In your report templates, reference the logo image using a dynamic link or variable that points to this centralized location. When the logo changes, simply update the image in that location, and all reports will reflect the new logo at runtime without needing to modify each report individually.

Application Architecture Automation Engineer

Ques:- How many processors are there in a pentium microprocessor? In Sparc?

Asked In :- GrayMatter Software Services, Digital Core Technologies, eximius design, tvs next, macedon technologies,

Right Answer:
A Pentium microprocessor typically has one processor core, while SPARC processors can have multiple cores, often ranging from 1 to 64 or more, depending on the specific model.

Application Architecture refers to the blueprint or framework that outlines how software applications are structured and how their components interact with each other and with external systems. It involves defining the layers, modules, interfaces, and data flow to ensure that an application meets business requirements, performs efficiently, and is easy to maintain and scale.

A well-designed application architecture considers aspects such as usability, security, performance, and reliability. Common architectural patterns include monolithic, microservices, client-server, and event-driven architectures. Architects decide on technology stacks (like databases, APIs, frontend/backend frameworks), integration methods, and deployment strategies.

Professionals working in this domain analyze business needs and translate them into technical specifications. They also focus on modularity, reusability, and ensuring that different components can evolve independently without breaking the system. Understanding cloud architectures, containerization (Docker, Kubernetes), and DevOps practices is increasingly important.

Good application architecture reduces development time, improves collaboration between teams, and supports future growth. It helps avoid technical debt and ensures that applications remain robust as user demands increase.

Whether you’re a software developer, system architect, or project manager, knowledge of application architecture principles is essential for delivering quality software solutions aligned with organizational goals.

Questions in: Application Architecture

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