Questions in: Awk

Right Answer:
The `split(string, array, separator)` function in AWK is used to divide a string into substrings based on a specified separator and store those substrings in an array.

Right Answer:
The `substr(string, position)` function in AWK is used to extract a substring from a given string, starting at the specified position. The position is 1-based, meaning that the first character of the string is at position 1.

Right Answer:
The `substr(string, position, max)` function in AWK is used to extract a substring from a given string, starting at the specified position and up to a maximum length of characters.

Right Answer:
The `index(string, search)` function in AWK returns the position of the first occurrence of the substring `search` within the string `string`. If `search` is not found, it returns 0.

Right Answer:
In AWK, trigonometric functions include `sin(x)`, `cos(x)`, and `atan2(y, x)`, which calculate the sine, cosine, and arctangent of given angles in radians, respectively.

Right Answer:
You can truncate integers in AWK by using the `int()` function. For example:

```awk
result = int(value)
```

Right Answer:
You can generate random numbers in AWK using the `rand()` function. For example:

```awk
awk 'BEGIN { print rand() }'
```

This will print a random number between 0 and 1. To generate a random integer within a specific range, you can use:

```awk
awk 'BEGIN { print int(rand() * (max - min + 1)) + min }'
```

Replace `min` and `max` with your desired range.

Right Answer:
The `rand` function in AWK generates a random floating-point number between 0 and 1.

Right Answer:
The `srand` function in AWK is used to seed the random number generator, allowing for the generation of different random numbers each time the program runs.

Right Answer:
The numeric function `sin` in AWK calculates the sine of a given angle (in radians).

Right Answer:
The numeric function `sqrt` is used to calculate the square root of a given number.

Right Answer:
The numeric function `atan2` computes the arctangent of the quotient of its two arguments, returning the angle in radians between the positive x-axis and the point (x, y) in a Cartesian coordinate system. It is useful for determining the angle of a point relative to the origin.

Right Answer:
The numeric function `int` in AWK is used to convert a value to an integer by truncating any decimal part.

Right Answer:
The numeric function `log` in AWK is used to calculate the natural logarithm (base e) of a given number.

Right Answer:
You can exit from an awk script using the `exit` command followed by an optional exit status. For example:

```awk
awk '{ if ($1 == "exit") exit 0 }'
```

This will terminate the script when the first field is "exit".

Right Answer:
AWK numerical functions include:

1. `sin(x)` - Returns the sine of x (in radians).
2. `cos(x)` - Returns the cosine of x (in radians).
3. `atan2(y, x)` - Returns the arctangent of y/x.
4. `sqrt(x)` - Returns the square root of x.
5. `int(x)` - Returns the integer part of x.
6. `length(x)` - Returns the length of string x.
7. `rand()` - Returns a random number between 0 and 1.
8. `exp(x)` - Returns e raised to the power of x.
9. `log(x)` - Returns the natural logarithm of x.
10. `sprintf(format, ...)` - Formats and returns a string based on the specified format.

Right Answer:
The numeric function `cos` in AWK is used to calculate the cosine of an angle given in radians.

Right Answer:
The numeric function `exp` in AWK is used to calculate the value of e (Euler's number, approximately 2.71828) raised to the power of a given number.

Right Answer:
To explicitly output to a file in AWK, use the `>` operator followed by the filename in the `BEGIN` block. For example:

```awk
awk 'BEGIN { print "Hello, World!" > "output.txt" }'
```

Right Answer:
The format specifier `%%` is used in `awk` to print a literal percent sign (`%`).