Questions in: Awk

Right Answer:
In AWK, the sequence `a` is used to represent an associative array, where `a` can store key-value pairs.

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In AWK, a sequence is used to generate a series of numbers or to control the flow of processing, often in loops or for creating patterns in output.

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In AWK, the sequence `f` is used to represent the field separator, which defines how input data is split into fields.

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The `printf` function in AWK is used to format and print data to the output, allowing for control over the layout and appearance of the printed text.

Right Answer:
Associative arrays are data structures that store key-value pairs, allowing you to access values using unique keys instead of numeric indices. In AWK, they are implemented using arrays where the keys can be strings.

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NR in AWK stands for "Number of Records" and it represents the total number of input records processed so far.

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RS in AWK stands for "Record Separator." It defines the character or string that separates records in the input data. By default, RS is set to a newline character, meaning each line is treated as a separate record.

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ORS stands for Output Record Separator in AWK. It is a variable that defines the string that is printed between records when outputting data. By default, ORS is set to a newline character.

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FILENAME in AWK is a built-in variable that holds the name of the current input file being processed.

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AWK built-in variables are predefined variables that provide information about the current state of the input data and the execution environment. Some common built-in variables include:

1. **NR** - Number of records processed so far.
2. **NF** - Number of fields in the current record.
3. **FNR** - Number of records processed in the current file.
4. **FS** - Field separator used for input (default is space).
5. **OFS** - Output field separator (default is space).
6. **RS** - Record separator (default is newline).
7. **ORS** - Output record separator (default is newline).
8. **ARGC** - Number of command-line arguments.
9. **ARGV** - Array of command-line arguments.

These variables help in controlling and retrieving information during AWK script execution.

Right Answer:
FS in AWK stands for "Field Separator." It is a variable that defines the character or characters used to separate fields in input records.

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OFS in AWK stands for Output Field Separator, which is the string used to separate fields when AWK prints output. By default, it is a space.

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NF in AWK stands for "Number of Fields" and represents the total number of fields in the current record.

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In AWK, the `&&` operator is used for logical AND, `||` for logical OR, and `!` for logical NOT. For example:

- `condition1 && condition2` evaluates to true if both conditions are true.
- `condition1 || condition2` evaluates to true if at least one condition is true.
- `!condition` evaluates to true if the condition is false.

Right Answer:
The format specifier `%x` in `awk` is used to convert a number to its hexadecimal representation.

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Regular expressions in AWK are patterns used to match strings within text. They allow you to search, replace, and manipulate text based on specific criteria, such as matching specific characters, words, or patterns.

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The format specifier `%s` is used in AWK to represent a string. It is commonly used in functions like `printf` to format and print string values.

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The format specifier `%g` in Awk is used to format numbers in either fixed-point or exponential notation, depending on which is more compact for the given value.

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The format specifier `%o` in AWK is used to format numbers as octal (base 8) values.

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The format specifier `%d` is used in `awk` to format and print integers in decimal (base 10) notation.