Questions in: Engineering

Right Answer:
Transmission lines and communication lines both carry electrical signals over distances, but transmission lines are primarily used for power distribution, while communication lines are used for data transmission. They can affect each other through electromagnetic interference if not properly designed or separated.

Right Answer:
An arch dam is a curved structure that transfers the water pressure to the canyon walls, while a gravity dam is a straight structure that relies on its weight to resist the water pressure. A notable gravity dam in India is the Bhakra Dam.

Right Answer:
Approximately 8 to 10 kg of nails are used in 1 square meter of shuttering.

Right Answer:
To select a cable size (copper or aluminum) for a particular load, follow these steps:

1. **Calculate Load Current**: Use the formula ( I = frac{P}{sqrt{3} times V times text{PF}} ) for three-phase systems or ( I = frac{P}{V times text{PF}} ) for single-phase systems, where ( P ) is the power in watts, ( V ) is the voltage, and PF is the power factor.

2. **Determine Cable Length**: Measure the distance from the power source to the load.

3. **Consider Voltage Drop**: Calculate the acceptable voltage drop (typically 3-5% of the supply voltage) over the cable length.

4. **Select Cable Type**: Choose between copper (Cu) or aluminum (Al) based on cost, weight, and conductivity.

5. **Refer to Cable Sizing Tables**: Use standard

Right Answer:
A stub column is a short vertical section of a pipe that is used to connect or support other piping components, often providing a means for future extensions or modifications in the piping system.

Right Answer:
Theodolite is an instrument used for measuring horizontal and vertical angles, while a dumpy level is used primarily for measuring horizontal levels and elevations. Theodolites are more versatile and precise for angle measurements, whereas dumpy levels are simpler and mainly used for leveling tasks.

Right Answer:
Corruption can undermine democracy by eroding trust in institutions and leaders. While some argue that it is a byproduct of democratic systems due to competition and power struggles, it ultimately harms the very principles of democracy, such as fairness and accountability. Addressing corruption is essential for a healthy democracy, ensuring that it serves the people effectively.

Right Answer:
The difference between 3.5 core and 4 core cable is that a 3.5 core cable has three main conductors (phases) and one additional conductor that is typically a neutral or earth, while a 4 core cable has four main conductors, usually three phases and one neutral.

Right Answer:
(b) Aragonite and conchiolin

Right Answer:
New technologies in civil engineering that can reduce construction costs include:

1. Building Information Modeling (BIM)
2. Prefabrication and Modular Construction
3. 3D Printing
4. Drones for surveying and monitoring
5. Advanced materials (e.g., self-healing concrete, high-strength steel)
6. Sustainable construction practices (e.g., green materials, energy-efficient designs)
7. Automation and robotics in construction processes
8. Internet of Things (IoT) for real-time project management and monitoring.

Right Answer:
Special cables required for explosion-proof wiring include:

1. **Armored Cables**: Provide physical protection and prevent sparks.
2. **Flameproof Cables**: Designed to contain any explosion within the cable.
3. **Low Smoke Zero Halogen (LSZH) Cables**: Minimize smoke and toxic gas emissions in case of fire.
4. **Intrinsically Safe Cables**: Limit energy to prevent ignition in hazardous areas.
5. **Screened Cables**: Reduce electromagnetic interference and enhance safety.

Right Answer:
A startup vent valve is a valve used in a boiler system to allow the release of air and steam during the initial startup phase. It helps to prevent pressure buildup and ensures proper circulation of water and steam, facilitating safe and efficient boiler operation.

Right Answer:
Total flow refers to the total volume of fluid that has passed through a point over a specific period, while flow rate is the volume of fluid that passes through a point per unit of time.

For example, if you fill a bucket with water, the total flow is the amount of water in the bucket when it's full (e.g., 10 liters), and the flow rate is how quickly the water is being poured into the bucket (e.g., 2 liters per minute).

Right Answer:
(d) Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh