Internet Protocols Interview Questions and Answers in 2025 (100+ Q&A)

Ques:- Explain the concept and capabilities of Unicast IP Addresses?

Asked In :-

Right Answer:
Unicast IP addresses are unique identifiers assigned to a single network interface on a device. They enable one-to-one communication, allowing data packets to be sent from one specific source to one specific destination. This ensures that the data reaches only the intended recipient, making it suitable for applications like web browsing and email.

Internet Protocols Team Lead/ Tech Lead

Ques:- What is an application gateway?

Asked In :- protocol labs,

Right Answer:
An application gateway, also known as an application proxy, is a network security device that acts as an intermediary between a client and a server, filtering and managing traffic based on application-level protocols. It helps to enhance security by inspecting and controlling the data exchanged between users and applications.

Comments

DK BOSS Jul 23, 2021

Application gateway is a protocol or rules and regulations for managing messages in a network.

Internet Protocols Web Designer

Ques:- What is Router? Explain components of Routers.

Asked In :- Anand Rathi IT, ACL Digital, boston dynamics,

Right Answer:
A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. It connects different networks and directs data traffic based on IP addresses.

Components of routers include:

1. **CPU (Central Processing Unit)**: Processes data and manages routing functions.
2. **RAM (Random Access Memory)**: Temporarily stores routing tables and data packets.
3. **ROM (Read-Only Memory)**: Contains the firmware and boot instructions.
4. **Network Interfaces**: Ports for connecting to different networks (e.g., Ethernet, Wi-Fi).
5. **Power Supply**: Provides electrical power to the router.
6. **Routing Table**: A database that stores routes to various network destinations.

Comments

DK BOSS Jul 23, 2021

Router is a internetworking device that is used for managing different networks and internet facilities for an organisation. It can be managed using software.

Internet Protocols Web Designer

Ques:- What is PPP protocol? Explain PPP packet format?

Asked In :- AHEX TECHNOLOGIES, J K Technosoft, Neosoft Technologies Pvt Ltd, tata technologies,

Right Answer:
PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) is a data link layer protocol used to establish a direct connection between two network nodes. It is commonly used for internet dial-up connections and supports multiple network layer protocols.

The PPP packet format consists of the following fields:

1. **Flag**: 1 byte (0x7E) indicating the start and end of the frame.
2. **Address**: 1 byte (0xFF) used for point-to-point communication.
3. **Control**: 1 byte (0x03) indicating the frame type.
4. **Protocol**: 2 bytes indicating the type of payload (e.g., IP, IPX).
5. **Payload**: Variable length containing the encapsulated data.
6. **FCS (Frame Check Sequence)**: 2 bytes for error checking.

Each packet starts and ends with the Flag byte, ensuring proper framing.

Comments

DK BOSS Jul 23, 2021

It's point to point protocol that is used for managing connections and session between computer system and peripheral devices on a network.

Internet Protocols System Security Engineer

Ques:- What is the “Gateway of Last Resort” in networking, and when is it used?

Asked In :-

Right Answer:

The Gateway of Last Resort is a default route used by routers when no specific route to a destination is found in the routing table. It acts as a fallback to forward packets to another router, typically the internet or an upstream provider.

Internet Protocols Team Lead/ Tech Lead

Ques:- Overview of OSI layer?

Asked In :-

Right Answer:
The OSI model has seven layers:

1. **Physical Layer**: Deals with the physical connection and transmission of raw data bits over a medium.
2. **Data Link Layer**: Provides node-to-node data transfer and error detection/correction.
3. **Network Layer**: Manages routing of data packets between devices across different networks.
4. **Transport Layer**: Ensures reliable data transfer, error recovery, and flow control.
5. **Session Layer**: Manages sessions or connections between applications.
6. **Presentation Layer**: Translates data formats, encryption, and compression for application layer.
7. **Application Layer**: Provides network services directly to end-user applications.

Database Architect/ Designer Internet Protocols

Ques:- What is IGMP protocols?

Asked In :-

Right Answer:
IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) is a communication protocol used by hosts and adjacent routers on an IP network to establish multicast group memberships. It allows devices to join or leave multicast groups, enabling efficient data transmission to multiple recipients.

Internet Protocols Project Leader/ Project Manager

Ques:- How long can I use Premium Free Domain Name?

Asked In :-

Right Answer:
You can typically use a Premium Free Domain Name for as long as you maintain the registration and comply with the provider's terms, usually for one year, after which it may need to be renewed.

Internet Protocols Tech Architect

Ques:- What are switches? Explain the concepts of Layer-3 switches?

Asked In :-

Right Answer:
Switches are networking devices that connect devices within a local area network (LAN) and use MAC addresses to forward data to the correct destination.

Layer-3 switches, also known as multilayer switches, operate at the network layer (Layer 3) of the OSI model. They can perform routing functions in addition to switching, allowing them to route traffic between different VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks) and manage IP addresses. This enables more efficient data handling and improved network performance.

Internet Protocols System Administrator

Ques:- In neighbor discovery command, I am receiving only xmit, what does it mean?

Asked In :- Navis LLC,

Right Answer:
Receiving only "xmit" in a neighbor discovery command indicates that the system is transmitting packets but not receiving any responses from neighbors. This could suggest a potential issue with connectivity or configuration.

Internet Protocols System Integrator

Ques:- What do you mean by maskable and Non Maskable Interrupts, give examples?

Asked In :-

Right Answer:
Maskable interrupts are those that can be ignored or "masked" by the processor, allowing it to prioritize other tasks. An example is a timer interrupt that can be disabled while performing critical operations.

Non-maskable interrupts (NMIs) cannot be ignored and must be addressed immediately, typically used for critical errors. An example is a hardware failure signal.

Database Architect/ Designer Internet Protocols

Ques:- Does route reflector come in actual path during traffic forwarding?

Asked In :- holberton school,

Right Answer:
No, a route reflector does not come in the actual path during traffic forwarding; it only facilitates the distribution of routing information.

Internet Protocols Software Developer/ Programmer

Ques:- I want to learn only a single mac from the port, what need to be configured?

Asked In :-

Right Answer:
You need to configure port security on the switch port to allow only a single MAC address. Set the maximum number of MAC addresses to 1 and specify the allowed MAC address.

Internet Protocols System Administrator

Ques:- Does MPLS support IPv6?

Asked In :- rigor,

Right Answer:
Yes, MPLS supports IPv6.

Internet Protocols Software Developer/ Programmer

Ques:- What is the difference between HTTP & HTTPS

Asked In :-

Right Answer:
HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) is an unsecured protocol used for transferring data over the web, while HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure) is a secure version that encrypts data using SSL/TLS to protect it during transmission.

Internet Protocols Web Designer

Ques:- A router is receiving same route from two different eBGP peers. The AS information contains in peer 1 is {65500, 65550, 65555} and in peer 2 is {65501, 65501}. But I want to make peer 1 preferred.

Asked In :- TSS Consultancy, AMITY SOFTWARE SYSTEMS LIMITED, 4w technologies,

Right Answer:
To make peer 1 preferred, you can use the BGP attribute called "local preference." Set a higher local preference for the routes received from peer 1 compared to peer 2. This will ensure that the router prefers the route from peer 1 over peer 2.

Database Architect/ Designer Internet Protocols

Ques:- What LAN analyzer tools are you familiar with and describe how you use them to troubleshoot and on what media and network types.

Asked In :- Global Survey Solutions, labvantage solutions,

Right Answer:
I am familiar with tools like Wireshark, SolarWinds, and PRTG Network Monitor. I use Wireshark to capture and analyze packet data on Ethernet and Wi-Fi networks, helping to identify issues like latency, packet loss, and protocol errors. SolarWinds is useful for monitoring network performance and identifying bottlenecks, while PRTG provides real-time monitoring of network devices and traffic.

Internet Protocols Tech Architect

Ques:- What is the difference between P and PE router?

Asked In :-

Right Answer:
A P router (Provider router) is responsible for routing traffic within the core of a service provider's network, while a PE router (Provider Edge router) connects the provider's network to customer networks and handles customer traffic, including VPNs and other services.

Internet Protocols System Integrator

Ques:- Different IPC mechenisms.

Asked In :-

Right Answer:
The different Inter-Process Communication (IPC) mechanisms include:

1. **Pipes** - Unidirectional communication channels.
2. **FIFOs (Named Pipes)** - Similar to pipes but can be accessed by name.
3. **Message Queues** - Allow processes to send and receive messages in a queue.
4. **Shared Memory** - Multiple processes access the same memory space for communication.
5. **Semaphores** - Used for signaling between processes to manage resource access.
6. **Sockets** - Enable communication between processes over a network.
7. **Signals** - Notifications sent to processes to indicate events.

Internet Protocols Tech Architect

Ques:- Two routers are having 4 equal cost links, how many ldp sessions will be established?

Asked In :-

Right Answer:
Two LDP sessions will be established.

The Internet Protocols category on takluu.com is designed to help candidates gain a robust understanding of the communication rules and technologies that power the internet and enterprise networks. Whether you’re preparing for roles in network administration, cybersecurity, DevOps, or system engineering, this section offers structured insights into key protocols used in day-to-day operations and troubleshooting.

Internet Protocols form the basis for digital communication. Core protocols like IP (IPv4/IPv6), TCP, UDP, HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, DNS, DHCP, SMTP, SNMP, and ICMP play a crucial role in ensuring reliable data transfer, routing, security, and error handling across interconnected systems. Interviewers often assess not just theoretical knowledge but also practical applications, such as identifying packet structures, understanding protocol handshakes (like TCP’s three-way handshake), and recognizing common ports and protocol behaviors.

In this section, you’ll find real-world interview questions, scenario-based problems, packet flow explanations, OSI vs TCP/IP model comparisons, and diagnostic use cases involving tools like Wireshark, Ping, Traceroute, and Netstat. This is especially helpful for those preparing for certifications like CCNA, CompTIA Network+, CEH, or roles in IT support and infrastructure.

Moreover, you’ll learn how these protocols interact, how to analyze headers, manage subnets, troubleshoot network issues, and secure data flow across networks.

We simplify each concept with diagrams, protocol stacks, FAQs, and expert-curated content to boost both conceptual clarity and technical confidence. Mastering internet protocols not only helps you crack interviews but also equips you with the skills needed to design, maintain, and protect modern network systems.

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