The optional clauses in EJB QL (Enterprise JavaBeans Query Language) are:
1. **ORDER BY** - to specify the order of the results.
2. **GROUP BY** - to group the results based on specified fields.
3. **HAVING** - to filter groups based on a condition.
4. **DISTINCT** - to return unique results.
To connect to an Excel spreadsheet file using JDBC, you can use the following steps:
1. Include the JDBC-ODBC bridge driver or a third-party library like Apache POI or UCanAccess in your project.
2. Use the appropriate connection string for your Excel file format (e.g., `.xls` or `.xlsx`).
For example, using UCanAccess, the connection string would look like this:
```java
String url = "jdbc:ucanaccess://path_to_your_file/your_file.xlsx";
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url);
```
Make sure to handle exceptions and close the connection properly after use.
A ResultSet contains the actual data retrieved from the database query, but it is a temporary object that holds this data in memory. Once the database connection is closed, the ResultSet can no longer access the data because it relies on the connection to fetch and maintain that data.
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