Questions in: Network & Telecom

Right Answer:
The key design issues of a computer network include:

1. Scalability
2. Reliability
3. Performance
4. Security
5. Cost
6. Manageability
7. Interoperability
8. Quality of Service (QoS)

Right Answer:
The criteria necessary for an effective and efficient network include:

1. **Reliability**: The network should be consistently available and function without failures.
2. **Performance**: It should provide adequate speed and low latency for data transmission.
3. **Scalability**: The network must be able to grow and accommodate increased traffic and users.
4. **Security**: It should protect data and resources from unauthorized access and threats.
5. **Manageability**: The network should be easy to monitor, configure, and troubleshoot.
6. **Cost-effectiveness**: It should provide good value for the investment in infrastructure and maintenance.

Right Answer:
A gateway is a device that connects two different networks and translates communication between them, while a router is a device that forwards data packets between networks, directing traffic based on IP addresses.

Right Answer:
The factors that affect the reliability of a network include:

1. Hardware quality and performance
2. Network design and architecture
3. Redundancy and failover mechanisms
4. Network protocols and configurations
5. Environmental conditions (temperature, humidity)
6. Network traffic load and congestion
7. Security measures and vulnerabilities
8. Maintenance and monitoring practices
9. Software updates and patches
10. User behavior and device compatibility

Right Answer:
1. Improved performance and speed through parallel processing.
2. Enhanced reliability and fault tolerance.
3. Scalability to accommodate growing workloads.
4. Resource sharing across multiple systems.
5. Flexibility in system design and deployment.
6. Reduced latency by processing data closer to the source.

Right Answer:
The factors that affect the performance of the network include:

1. Bandwidth: The maximum data transfer rate of the network.
2. Latency: The time it takes for data to travel from source to destination.
3. Packet Loss: The percentage of packets that are lost during transmission.
4. Jitter: The variation in packet arrival times.
5. Network Congestion: The amount of traffic on the network affecting performance.
6. Hardware Limitations: The capabilities of routers, switches, and other devices.
7. Network Topology: The arrangement of different elements in the network.
8. Quality of Service (QoS): The prioritization of certain types of traffic.
9. Interference: External factors that disrupt signal quality, especially in wireless networks.
10. Configuration: Proper setup and management of network devices and protocols.

Right Answer:
A peer-to-peer process refers to a network architecture where each participant (or node) has equal privileges and can communicate directly with other participants without needing a central server.

Right Answer:
A switch is said to be congested when it cannot process incoming data packets quickly enough, leading to delays, packet loss, or dropped connections due to high traffic volume exceeding its capacity.

Right Answer:
Routing protocols are rules and standards used by routers to determine the best path for data to travel across a network. They help routers communicate with each other to share information about network topology and reachability. Examples include RIP, OSPF, and BGP.