Right Answer: Analog signals are continuous waves that vary in amplitude or frequency, representing information in a smooth and gradual manner. Digital signals, on the other hand, are discrete and represent information in binary form (0s and 1s), making them more resistant to noise and easier to process.
Right Answer: Fiber optic technology uses thin strands of glass or plastic (fiber) to transmit data as light signals. It works by sending pulses of light through the fiber, which reflects off the walls of the fiber core, allowing data to travel long distances at high speeds with minimal loss.
Right Answer: Communication is the process of exchanging information, ideas, or messages between individuals or systems through various means, such as speaking, writing, or using technology.
Right Answer: COM stands for Component Object Model. It is a Microsoft technology used for software componentry that allows different software components to communicate and interact with each other, regardless of the programming languages used to create them.
Right Answer: Broadband is a high-speed internet connection that allows for fast data transmission over a wide range of frequencies, enabling multiple services like internet, phone, and television to be delivered simultaneously.
Right Answer: RTP (Real-Time Transport Protocol) is a network protocol used for delivering audio and video over IP networks. It supports voice communication by providing end-to-end delivery services for real-time data, including payload type identification, sequence numbering, timestamping, and delivery monitoring, which help ensure that voice packets are transmitted in the correct order and at the right time for smooth communication.
Right Answer: The key components of a VoIP system are:
1. VoIP Phones (hardware or software)
2. VoIP Gateway
3. Session Border Controller (SBC)
4. IP PBX (Private Branch Exchange)
5. Network Infrastructure (routers, switches)
6. VoIP Server (for call management)
7. Internet Connection
Right Answer: SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) is a signaling protocol used for initiating, maintaining, and terminating real-time sessions in VoIP, while H.323 is a set of protocols for voice, video, and data conferencing over IP networks. SIP is generally simpler and more flexible, whereas H.323 is more complex and was designed for multimedia communication.
Right Answer: QoS (Quality of Service) is a set of technologies and techniques used to manage network resources and ensure the performance of VoIP calls by prioritizing voice traffic over other types of data. It is implemented in VoIP through methods such as traffic shaping, prioritization of voice packets, bandwidth reservation, and using protocols like RSVP (Resource Reservation Protocol) to ensure low latency, minimal jitter, and reduced packet loss for voice communications.
1. **Open APIs (Public APIs)** - Available to developers and third parties.
2. **Internal APIs (Private APIs)** - Used within an organization.
3. **Partner APIs** - Shared with specific business partners.
4. **Composite APIs** - Combine multiple endpoints into a single call.
5. **Web APIs** - Accessible over the internet using HTTP/HTTPS.
Right Answer: Synchronous API calls wait for the response before moving on to the next task, while asynchronous API calls allow the program to continue executing other tasks while waiting for the response.
Right Answer: OAuth is an open standard for access delegation commonly used for token-based authentication and authorization. It allows third-party applications to access a user's resources without sharing their credentials.
In API authentication, OAuth works by having the user authorize the application to access their data. The process involves:
1. The user is redirected to an authorization server to log in and grant permission.
2. The authorization server issues an access token to the application.
3. The application uses this access token to make API requests on behalf of the user.
4. The API validates the token and grants access to the requested resources.
Right Answer: An API (Application Programming Interface) is a set of rules and protocols that allows different software applications to communicate with each other. It defines the methods and data formats that applications can use to request and exchange information. APIs work by sending requests from one application to another, which then processes the request and sends back a response.
Right Answer: API testing is the process of verifying that an application programming interface (API) functions as expected, ensuring it meets the requirements for functionality, reliability, performance, and security. Tools that can be used for API testing include Postman, SoapUI, JMeter, RestAssured, and Swagger.
