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Ques:- Explain how to overload constructors (or methods) in Python.
Comments
Admin May 17, 2020

_init__ () is a first method defined in a class. when an instance of a class is created, python calls __init__() to initialize the attribute of the object.
Following example demonstrate further:
class Employee:
def __init__(self, name, empCode,pay):
self.name=name
self.empCode=empCode
self.pay=pay
e1 = Employee("Sarah",99,30000.00)
e2 = Employee("Asrar",100,60000.00)
print("Employee Details:")
print(" Name:",e1.name,"Code:", e1.empCode,"Pay:", e1.pay)
print(" Name:",e2.name,"Code:", e2.empCode,"Pay:", e2.pay)
---------------------------------------------------------------
Output
Employee Details:
(' Name:', 'Sarah', 'Code:', 99, 'Pay:', 30000.0)
(' Name:', 'Asrar', 'Code:', 100, 'Pay:', 60000.0)

Ques:- What is rate limiting in APIs and how is it implemented
Right Answer:
Rate limiting in APIs is a technique used to control the number of requests a user can make to an API within a specific time period. It is implemented by setting thresholds (e.g., requests per minute) and using mechanisms like tokens, counters, or IP address tracking to monitor and restrict access when the limit is exceeded.
Ques:- What is the difference between REST and SOAP APIs
Right Answer:
REST (Representational State Transfer) is an architectural style that uses standard HTTP methods and is typically more lightweight and easier to use, while SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) is a protocol that relies on XML for message format and has strict standards for security and transactions. REST is generally more flexible and faster, while SOAP is more suited for enterprise-level services requiring high security and reliability.
Ques:- What are Webhooks and how do they differ from APIs
Right Answer:
Webhooks are user-defined HTTP callbacks that are triggered by specific events in a web application, allowing real-time data transfer. They differ from APIs in that APIs require a request to be made to receive data, while webhooks automatically send data when an event occurs without needing a request.
Ques:- What are the different types of APIs
Right Answer:
The different types of APIs are:

1. **Open APIs (Public APIs)** - Available to developers and third parties.
2. **Internal APIs (Private APIs)** - Used within an organization.
3. **Partner APIs** - Shared with specific business partners.
4. **Composite APIs** - Combine multiple endpoints into a single call.
5. **Web APIs** - Accessible over the internet using HTTP/HTTPS.
Ques:- What is the difference between GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE in HTTP
Right Answer:
GET is used to retrieve data from a server, POST is used to send data to a server to create a resource, PUT is used to update an existing resource on the server, and DELETE is used to remove a resource from the server.
Ques:- What is the difference between QA and testing?
Right Answer:
QA (Quality Assurance) is a process-oriented practice that focuses on ensuring quality in the development process and preventing defects, while testing is a product-oriented activity that involves executing the software to identify defects.
Ques:- Which of these roles are the best and most popular?
Right Answer:
The best and most popular roles in Quality Assurance are Quality Assurance Analyst, Quality Assurance Engineer, and Test Manager.
Ques:- Can you describe what a sprint backlog is and how it is created
Right Answer:
A sprint backlog is a detailed plan of work for a specific sprint, derived from the product backlog. It's created during sprint planning by the development team, who select items from the product backlog they commit to complete, then break down those items into tasks and estimate the effort required for each.
Ques:- Can you explain the key principles of the Agile Manifesto
Right Answer:
The Agile Manifesto values:

* **Individuals and interactions** over processes and tools.
* **Working software** over comprehensive documentation.
* **Customer collaboration** over contract negotiation.
* **Responding to change** over following a plan.

That is, while the items on the right have value, we value the items on the left more.
Ques:- What is a product backlog, and how do you manage it
Right Answer:
A product backlog is a prioritized list of features, bug fixes, tasks, and requirements needed to build a product. It's managed through regular refinement, prioritization, estimation, and updates based on feedback and changing business needs, often facilitated by the Product Owner.
Ques:- How do you measure success in an Agile project, both in terms of output and team health
Right Answer:
Success in Agile is measured by:

* **Output:** Delivering valuable, working software frequently; achieving the product vision; meeting business goals; customer satisfaction; and predictability (consistent delivery).
* **Team Health:** Team morale; continuous improvement (velocity trends, retrospectives leading to action); collaboration; self-organization; and sustainable pace.
Ques:- What are the benefits and challenges of continuous delivery in an Agile environment
Right Answer:
**Benefits:** Faster time to market, reduced risk, improved quality, faster feedback, happier teams.

**Challenges:** Requires high automation, strong collaboration, cultural shift, investment in infrastructure, and robust testing.
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