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Brainium information technologies pvt. ltd. Interview Questions and Answers
Ques:- How can I specify two different sets of link colors?
Right Answer:
You can specify two different sets of link colors using CSS by targeting different states of the link. For example:

```css
a {
color: blue; /* Default link color */
}

a:hover {
color: red; /* Color when hovered */
}
```

You can also use classes to define different sets:

```css
.link-set-1 a {
color: green; /* First set color */
}

.link-set-2 a {
color: orange; /* Second set color */
}
```
Ques:- What is the Need for CSS ?
Right Answer:
CSS is needed to separate content from presentation, allowing for better design control, improved website performance, easier maintenance, and consistent styling across multiple pages.
Ques:- What is the DOM?
Right Answer:
The DOM (Document Object Model) is a programming interface that represents the structure of a web document as a tree of objects, allowing scripts to manipulate the content, structure, and style of the document dynamically.
Ques:- How do I combine multiple sheets into one?
Right Answer:
To combine multiple sheets into one in CSS, you can use the `@import` rule to import styles from different CSS files into a single main stylesheet. Alternatively, you can manually copy and paste the CSS rules from each sheet into one file.
Ques:- What is the difference between JPEG file and GIF file?
Right Answer:
JPEG files are best for photographs and support millions of colors, but they use lossy compression, which can reduce image quality. GIF files are better for simple graphics and animations, support only 256 colors, and use lossless compression, preserving image quality.
Ques:- What is the difference between HTML and HTML5
Right Answer:
HTML5 is the latest version of HTML, which includes new features such as native support for audio and video, new semantic elements (like `<article>`, `<section>`, and `<header>`), improved parsing rules, and better support for web applications with APIs like local storage and canvas. HTML, on the other hand, refers to earlier versions that lack these enhancements.
Ques:- What are JavaScript closures and how do they work
Right Answer:
JavaScript closures are functions that remember their outer scope even when the function is executed outside that scope. They work by capturing the variables from their surrounding environment, allowing access to those variables even after the outer function has finished executing. This is useful for data encapsulation and maintaining state in asynchronous programming.
Ques:- What is the difference between frontend and backend development
Right Answer:
Frontend development refers to the part of a website or application that users interact with directly, including the layout, design, and user interface. Backend development involves the server-side, focusing on databases, server logic, and application functionality that users do not see.
Ques:- What are cookies sessions and local storage in web development
Right Answer:
Cookies are small pieces of data stored on the user's computer by the web browser while browsing a website, used for tracking and remembering information about the user. Sessions are temporary storage on the server that keeps track of user data across multiple requests during a single visit, typically expiring when the user closes the browser. Local storage is a web storage feature that allows websites to store data in the user's browser persistently, even after the browser is closed, with no expiration time.
Ques:- What is the difference between synchronous and asynchronous code
Right Answer:
Synchronous code executes sequentially, meaning each operation must complete before the next one starts. Asynchronous code allows operations to run independently, enabling other tasks to proceed without waiting for the previous ones to finish.
Ques:- What is the difference between deep and shallow copy?
Comments
Admin May 17, 2020

• Shallow copy is used when a new instance type gets created and it keeps the values that are copied in the new instance. Whereas, deep copy is used to store the values that are already copied.
• Shallow copy is used to copy the reference pointers just like it copies the values. These references point to the original objects and the changes made in any member of the class will also affect the original copy of it. Whereas, deep copy doesn’t copy the reference pointers to the objects. Deep copy makes the reference to an object and the new object that is pointed by some other object gets stored. The changes made in the original copy won’t affect any other copy that uses the object.
• Shallow copy allows faster execution of the program and it depends on the size of the data that is used. Whereas, deep copy makes it slower due to making certain copies for each object that is been called.

Ques:- What is the process of creating a project in django?
Right Answer:
To create a project in Django, follow these steps:

1. Install Django using pip: `pip install django`.
2. Open your terminal or command prompt.
3. Navigate to the directory where you want to create the project.
4. Run the command: `django-admin startproject projectname`, replacing `projectname` with your desired project name.
5. Navigate into the project directory: `cd projectname`.
6. Run the development server with: `python manage.py runserver`.

Your Django project is now created and running.
Ques:- What does django-admin.py makemessages command is used for?
Right Answer:
The `django-admin.py makemessages` command is used to extract translatable strings from your Django project and create message files for localization, allowing you to translate your application into different languages.
Ques:- Why is a component constructor called only once?
Right Answer:
A component constructor is called only once because it is invoked when the component is first created and mounted to the DOM. Subsequent updates to the component do not recreate it; instead, React updates the existing instance, which is why the constructor is not called again.
Comments
Admin Feb 3, 2020

React’s appeasement algorithm assumes that without any information to the contrary, if a custom component appears in the same place on consequent renders, it’s the same component as before, so reuses the previous instance moderately than making a new one.

Ques:- Is it a good practice to use item index as ‘key’ of list elements?
Right Answer:
No, it is not a good practice to use the item index as the 'key' of list elements in React.
Comments
Admin Feb 3, 2020

It is not a good practice to use the index of an item as the ‘key’ of the list elements. For example, if the order of the items changes, it will impact negatively and may cause issues with the react component state.

Ques:- Is it required the keys to be unique globally in a react application?
Right Answer:
No, keys in a React application only need to be unique among siblings in the same list, not globally.
Comments
Admin Feb 3, 2020

The keys should be unique among the sibling lists. But we can use the same keys if we have two different arrays.

Ques:- What is a higher order component?
Right Answer:
A higher-order component (HOC) is a function in React that takes a component and returns a new component, allowing for code reuse and the ability to add additional functionality or props to the wrapped component.
Comments
Admin Feb 3, 2020

A higher-order component (HOC) is an advanced technique in React for reusing component logic. HOCs are not part of the React API. They are a pattern that emerges from React’s compositional nature.

A higher-order component is a function that takes a component and returns a new component.

HOC’s allow you to reuse code, logic and bootstrap abstraction. HOCs are common in third-party React libraries. The most common is probably Redux’s connect function. Beyond simply sharing utility libraries and simple composition, HOCs are the best way to share behavior between React Components. If you find yourself writing a lot of code in different places that does the same thing, you may be able to refactor that code into a reusable HOC.

Ques:- What is the use of ‘key’ in react list?
Right Answer:
The 'key' in a React list is a unique identifier for each element in the list, which helps React efficiently update and re-render components by tracking changes, additions, or removals.
Comments
Admin Feb 3, 2020

Keys are used to provide each list element with a stable identity. The keys should be unique. The best practice is to use ‘id’ of the data as the key.

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