Normalization is a series of steps followed to obtain a
database design that allows for consistent storage and
efficient acess of data in a relational database.
These steps reduce data redundancy and risk of data
becoming inconsistent.
there are 5 types of normal forms(NF) :
1 NF , 2NF, 3NF, 4NF, 5NF
1NF:- A relation is said to be in first normal form , if it
dows not contain any repeating groups or elements (or) if
all the values are atomic
2 NF:- A relation is said to be in Second Normal form, if
and only if it is in 1 NF and all the non-key attributes
are fully functionally dependent on the primary key.
3 NF:- A relation is said to be in 3rd normal form, if and
only if it is in 2NF and every non-key attribute is
non-transitively dependent on the primary key.
(or) every attribute is independent of all the other non-
key attributes.
BCNF:- A relation is said to be in BCNF, if every attribute
on which some other attribute is also a candidate for
primary key of a relation.
4 NF:- A relation is said to be in 4th normal form, if and
only if it is in 3NF and it should not contain any
multivalued dependencies.
5 NF :-A relation is said to be in 5 NF , if and only it it
is in 4 NF and every join dependency in R is implied by the
candidate key.
Any clarifications and for examples,
mail me : firozbashashaik@yahoo.com
Normalization is a design technique that is widely used as
a guide in designing relational databases. Normalization is
essentially a two step process that puts data into tabular
form by removing repeating groups and then removes
duplicated data from the relational tables.
Normalization theory is based on the concepts of normal
forms. A relational table is said to be a particular normal
form if it satisfied a certain set of constraints. There
are currently five normal forms that have been defined. In
this section, we will cover the first three normal forms
that were defined by E. F. Codd.
Basic Concepts
The goal of normalization is to create a set of relational
tables that are free of redundant data and that can be
consistently and correctly modified. This means that all
tables in a relational database should be in the third
normal form (3NF). A relational table is in 3NF if and only
if all non-key columns are (a) mutually independent and (b)
fully dependent upon the primary key. Mutual independence
means that no non-key column is dependent upon any
combination of the other columns. The first two normal
forms are intermediate steps to achieve the goal of having
all tables in 3NF. In order to better understand the 2NF
and higher forms, it is necessary to understand the
concepts of functional dependencies and lossless
decomposition.
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