Right Answer: SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) is a signaling protocol used for initiating, maintaining, and terminating real-time sessions in VoIP, while H.323 is a set of protocols for voice, video, and data conferencing over IP networks. SIP is generally simpler and more flexible, whereas H.323 is more complex and was designed for multimedia communication.
Right Answer: Call routing in a VoIP system is managed using protocols like SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) or H.323, which establish and control the call setup. The system uses a combination of IP addresses, user identifiers, and routing tables to direct calls to the appropriate endpoints based on factors like availability, location, and user preferences.
Right Answer: RTP (Real-Time Transport Protocol) is a network protocol used for delivering audio and video over IP networks. It supports voice communication by providing end-to-end delivery services for real-time data, including payload type identification, sequence numbering, timestamping, and delivery monitoring, which help ensure that voice packets are transmitted in the correct order and at the right time for smooth communication.
Right Answer: QoS (Quality of Service) is a set of technologies and techniques used to manage network resources and ensure the performance of VoIP calls by prioritizing voice traffic over other types of data. It is implemented in VoIP through methods such as traffic shaping, prioritization of voice packets, bandwidth reservation, and using protocols like RSVP (Resource Reservation Protocol) to ensure low latency, minimal jitter, and reduced packet loss for voice communications.
Right Answer: Number portability in VoIP systems is handled through a process called Local Number Portability (LNP), which allows users to retain their existing phone numbers when switching service providers. This involves coordination between the old and new providers, who update their databases to reflect the change, ensuring calls are routed correctly to the ported number.
Right Answer: I tend to be overly detail-oriented at times, which can slow down my decision-making process. However, I am working on balancing thoroughness with efficiency.
Right Answer: In Java, a class is a blueprint or template that defines the properties (attributes) and behaviors (methods) of objects. An object is an instance of a class that contains actual values for the properties defined in the class and can perform the behaviors specified by the class.
Right Answer: IP stands for Internet Protocol, which is a set of rules that governs how data is sent and received over a network. It assigns unique addresses to devices on a network, allowing them to communicate with each other.
Right Answer: We ensure consistent Agile processes through:
* **Training and coaching:** Ensuring the team understands Agile principles and practices.
* **Regular audits and retrospectives:** Identifying deviations and areas for improvement.
* **Using tools and templates:** Standardizing processes and providing guidelines.
* **Defining clear roles and responsibilities:** Ensuring everyone knows their part in the process.
* **Promoting open communication and feedback:** Encouraging early detection of issues.
Right Answer: * **Clear Sprint Goals:** Define specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) goals for each iteration.
* **Daily Stand-ups:** Facilitate short, focused daily meetings to identify roadblocks and coordinate efforts.
* **Sprint Backlog Management:** Keep the sprint backlog refined, prioritized, and realistic based on team capacity.
* **Timeboxing:** Adhere to time limits for meetings and tasks to prevent scope creep and maintain momentum.
* **Focus on Value:** Prioritize tasks that deliver the most business value within the iteration.
* **Remove Impediments:** Proactively identify and resolve obstacles that hinder the team's progress.
* **Limit Work in Progress (WIP):** Encourage the team to focus on completing tasks before starting new ones.
* **Continuous Feedback:** Regularly review progress, gather feedback, and adapt plans as needed.
* **Defined "Definition of Done":** Ensure a clear understanding of what it means for a task to be considered complete.
* **Team Collaboration & Communication:** Foster open and effective communication and collaboration within the team.
* **Individuals and interactions** over processes and tools.
* **Working software** over comprehensive documentation.
* **Customer collaboration** over contract negotiation.
* **Responding to change** over following a plan.
That is, while the items on the right have value, we value the items on the left more.
Right Answer: Kanban focuses on visualizing workflow, limiting work in progress (WIP), and continuous flow. Scrum uses time-boxed iterations (sprints) with specific roles (Scrum Master, Product Owner, Development Team) and events (sprint planning, daily scrum, sprint review, sprint retrospective).
Use Kanban when you need continuous delivery, have evolving priorities, and want to improve workflow incrementally. Use Scrum when you need structured development with fixed-length iterations, have clear goals for each iteration, and benefit from team collaboration with defined roles.
Right Answer: Scrum is an Agile framework for managing and completing complex projects.
Implementation involves:
1. **Roles:** Defining roles like Product Owner, Scrum Master, and Development Team.
2. **Sprints:** Working in short, time-boxed iterations (Sprints), typically 2-4 weeks.
3. **Artifacts:** Using artifacts like Product Backlog, Sprint Backlog, and Increment.
4. **Events:** Conducting events such as Sprint Planning, Daily Scrum, Sprint Review, and Sprint Retrospective.
5. **Continuous Improvement:** Regularly inspecting and adapting the process based on feedback.
Right Answer: Rate limiting in APIs is a technique used to control the number of requests a user can make to an API within a specific time period. It is implemented by setting thresholds (e.g., requests per minute) and using mechanisms like tokens, counters, or IP address tracking to monitor and restrict access when the limit is exceeded.
Right Answer: API testing is the process of verifying that an application programming interface (API) functions as expected, ensuring it meets the requirements for functionality, reliability, performance, and security. Tools that can be used for API testing include Postman, SoapUI, JMeter, RestAssured, and Swagger.
Right Answer: GET is used to retrieve data from a server, POST is used to send data to a server to create a resource, PUT is used to update an existing resource on the server, and DELETE is used to remove a resource from the server.
