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• To convert the string into a number the built-in functions are used like int() constructor. It is a data type that is used like int (‘1’) ==1.
• float() is also used to show the number in the format as float(‘1’)=1.
• The number by default are interpreted as decimal and if it is represented by int(‘0x1’) then it gives an error as ValueError. In this the int(string,base) function takes the parameter to convert string to number in this the process will be like int(‘0x1’,16)==16. If the base parameter is defined as 0 then it is indicated by an octal and 0x indicates it as hexadecimal number.
• There is function eval() that can be used to convert string into number but it is a bit slower and present many security risks like __import__('os').system("rm -rf$HOME") - use of this will delete the home directory of the system.

_init__ () is a first method defined in a class. when an instance of a class is created, python calls __init__() to initialize the attribute of the object.
Following example demonstrate further:
class Employee:
def __init__(self, name, empCode,pay):
self.name=name
self.empCode=empCode
self.pay=pay
e1 = Employee("Sarah",99,30000.00)
e2 = Employee("Asrar",100,60000.00)
print("Employee Details:")
print(" Name:",e1.name,"Code:", e1.empCode,"Pay:", e1.pay)
print(" Name:",e2.name,"Code:", e2.empCode,"Pay:", e2.pay)
---------------------------------------------------------------
Output
Employee Details:
(' Name:', 'Sarah', 'Code:', 99, 'Pay:', 30000.0)
(' Name:', 'Asrar', 'Code:', 100, 'Pay:', 60000.0)