Find Interview Questions for Top Companies
Ques:- What is the meaning of Receipt & Payment, Income & Expenditure, Profit & Loss A/c? Under What cercumstances these are prepared?
Right Answer:
Receipt & Payment Account records all cash transactions, showing total cash received and paid during a specific period. It is prepared when an organization wants to track its cash flow.

Income & Expenditure Account is used by non-profit organizations to summarize income earned and expenses incurred over a period, showing the surplus or deficit. It is prepared at the end of the financial year.

Profit & Loss Account summarizes revenues and expenses of a business over a period, showing the net profit or loss. It is prepared by for-profit entities to assess financial performance.
Ques:- What information do you require before you approve an invoice for payment?
Right Answer:
I require the following information before approving an invoice for payment:

1. A valid purchase order or contract reference.
2. Confirmation that the goods or services were received as described.
3. The invoice must match the purchase order in terms of quantity and price.
4. Approval from the relevant department or manager.
5. Any applicable supporting documentation (e.g., delivery receipts, timesheets).
Ques:- What are debentures? What are their features?
Right Answer:
Debentures are long-term debt instruments issued by companies or governments to raise capital. They represent a loan made by the investor to the issuer, which promises to pay back the principal amount along with interest at specified intervals.

Features of debentures include:
1. Fixed interest rate: Debentures typically pay a fixed interest rate, known as the coupon rate.
2. Maturity date: They have a specified maturity date when the principal amount is repaid.
3. Secured or unsecured: Debentures can be secured by assets or unsecured, depending on the issuer's creditworthiness.
4. Transferability: They can usually be bought and sold in the market.
5. Priority in liquidation: In case of liquidation, debenture holders are paid before equity shareholders.
Ques:- What are the exit routes available to VCF?
Right Answer:
The exit routes available to Venture Capital Funds (VCF) include:

1. Initial Public Offering (IPO)
2. Acquisition or Merger
3. Secondary Sale of Shares
4. Buyback by the company
5. Liquidation of assets
Ques:- Define Explicit cost and Implicit cost.
Right Answer:
Explicit costs are direct, out-of-pocket expenses that a business incurs, such as wages, rent, and materials. Implicit costs are the indirect costs that represent the opportunity cost of using resources in one way instead of the next best alternative, such as the income foregone from not using owned resources in a different investment.
Ques:- What methods are used to ascertain the risk in capital budgeting decisions?
Right Answer:
The methods used to ascertain risk in capital budgeting decisions include:

1. Sensitivity Analysis
2. Scenario Analysis
3. Monte Carlo Simulation
4. Break-even Analysis
5. Risk-adjusted Discount Rate
6. Payback Period Analysis
7. Decision Tree Analysis
Ques:- What is the cost of equity shares, and how can it be measured?
Right Answer:

Common ways to measure it:

  1. Dividend Discount Model (DDM):

Cost of Equity=D1P0+g\text{Cost of Equity} = \frac{D_1}{P_0} + g

where D1D_1 = expected dividend, P0P_0 = current share price, gg = growth rate.

  1. Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM):

Cost of Equity=Rf+β(Rm−Rf)\text{Cost of Equity} = R_f + \beta (R_m – R_f)

where RfR_f = risk-free rate, β\beta = stock’s beta, RmR_m = expected market return.

  1. Bond Yield Plus Risk Premium: Adding a risk premium to the company’s debt cost.

Let me know if you want examples or detailed formulas!

Ques:- What is the difference between Risk and Issues in Project Management?
Right Answer:
Risk refers to potential events that may negatively impact a project in the future, while issues are current problems that are already affecting the project and need to be addressed.
Ques:- Name five signs that indicate your project may fail.
Right Answer:
1. Lack of clear goals and objectives.
2. Poor communication among team members.
3. Inadequate resources or budget constraints.
4. Frequent changes in project scope.
5. Low team morale and engagement.
Ques:- Why extras are provided at top and bootom in a beam of slab?
Right Answer:
Extras are provided at the top and bottom of a beam or slab to accommodate bending moments and shear forces. The top reinforcement handles tension in the upper part due to bending, while the bottom reinforcement deals with tension in the lower part. This ensures structural integrity and prevents cracking.
Ques:- What is Banking?
Right Answer:
Banking is the business of accepting deposits, providing loans, and offering financial services to individuals and businesses.
Ques:- Differentiate PLC,DCS,SCADA?
Right Answer:
PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) is used for controlling machinery and processes with real-time operations. DCS (Distributed Control System) is used for controlling complex processes in large plants, providing centralized control with distributed elements. SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) is used for monitoring and controlling infrastructure and facility-based processes, often over large distances, providing data collection and visualization.
Ques:- What is the formula to calculate machine and process capability?
Right Answer:
The formula to calculate machine capability (Cp) is:

Cp = (USL - LSL) / (6 * σ)

And for process capability (Cpk):

Cpk = min[(USL - μ) / (3 * σ), (μ - LSL) / (3 * σ)]

Where:
- USL = Upper Specification Limit
- LSL = Lower Specification Limit
- μ = Mean of the process
- σ = Standard deviation of the process
Ques:- What has not worked well in your previous QA experience and what would you change?
Right Answer:
In my previous QA experience, communication between the QA team and development team was often lacking, leading to misunderstandings and delays. I would implement regular cross-team meetings and use collaborative tools to enhance communication and ensure everyone is aligned on project goals and timelines.
Ques:- What is the cycle of thermodynamics refrigerator?
Right Answer:
The cycle of a thermodynamic refrigerator is the refrigeration cycle, which consists of four main processes:

1. **Evaporation** - The refrigerant absorbs heat from the environment and evaporates in the evaporator.
2. **Compression** - The vaporized refrigerant is compressed by the compressor, raising its pressure and temperature.
3. **Condensation** - The high-pressure vapor releases heat to the surroundings and condenses into a liquid in the condenser.
4. **Expansion** - The liquid refrigerant passes through an expansion valve, reducing its pressure and temperature before entering the evaporator again.
Jana Small Finance Bank is a financial institution based in India that primarily focuses on providing banking services to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and low-income individuals. Formerly known as Janalakshmi Financial Services, the company received a banking license from the Reserve Bank of India in April 2017 and subsequently transformed into a small finance bank. Jana Small Finance Bank offers a range of banking products and services, including savings accounts, current accounts, fixed deposits, recurring deposits, loans, and other financial services tailored to the needs of its target customer base. The bank aims to empower underserved and financially excluded segments of society by providing them with access to formal banking services and financial inclusion opportunities. With a focus on leveraging technology to enhance its service delivery and operational efficiency, Jana Small Finance Bank has invested in digital banking solutions to make banking more accessible and convenient for its customers. This includes mobile banking apps, internet banking platforms, and other digital channels that enable customers to perform transactions, access account information, and avail of banking services remotely. In addition to its commercial activities, Jana Small Finance Bank also engages in various social initiatives and corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs aimed at promoting financial literacy, supporting entrepreneurship, and fostering socio-economic development in the communities it serves. Overall, Jana Small Finance Bank plays a crucial role in India's banking landscape by catering to the financial needs of small businesses and low-income individuals and contributing to the country's broader financial inclusion objectives.
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