
To prevent multiple submits due to refresh button clicks in JSP, you can implement the Post/Redirect/Get (PRG) pattern. After processing the form submission, redirect the user to a different page or the same page using a `response.sendRedirect()` method. This way, refreshing the page will not resubmit the form data.
Encapsulation is defined as the wrapping up of data under a single unit. It is the mechanism that binds together code and the data it manipulates.Other way to think about encapsulation is, it is a protective shield that prevents the data from being accessed by the code outside this shield.
<ul>
<li> Technically in encapsulation, the variables or data of a class is hidden from any other class and can be accessed only through any member function of own class in which they are declared.</li>
<li> As in encapsulation, the data in a class is hidden from other classes using the data hiding concept which is achieved by making the members or methods of class as private and the class is exposed to the end user or the world without providing any details behind implementation using the abstraction concept, so it is also known as combination of data-hiding and abstraction..</li>
<li> Encapsulation can be achieved by: Declaring all the variables in the class as private and writing public methods in the class to set and get the values of variables.</li>
</ul>
try this inbetween <head> tag
<base target="_self"/>
sorry for the previous ans ami,
insteated above of try following code it may solve your
problem
window.opener = self;
window.close();
SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) is a protocol used for exchanging structured information in web services, relying on XML for message format and usually operating over HTTP or SMTP.
Mobile app development is the process of creating software applications specifically designed to run on mobile devices like smartphones and tablets. It is important because it allows businesses to reach customers directly, enhances user engagement, provides convenience, and enables access to services and information on-the-go.
Some popular mobile development frameworks are:
1. React Native
2. Flutter
3. Xamarin
4. Ionic
5. Apache Cordova
6. NativeScript
App performance optimization is important because it enhances user experience by making the app faster and more responsive, reduces battery consumption, improves resource usage, increases user retention, and can lead to better app store rankings.
I use tools like Android Studio's Logcat, Xcode's debugger, Chrome DevTools for web views, and third-party tools like Flipper or Firebase Crashlytics for debugging mobile apps.
To handle offline functionality in a mobile app, implement local data storage using options like SQLite, Realm, or SharedPreferences. Use caching strategies to store data when online and sync changes when the device reconnects. Additionally, provide user feedback for offline status and ensure critical features are accessible without an internet connection.
_init__ () is a first method defined in a class. when an instance of a class is created, python calls __init__() to initialize the attribute of the object.
Following example demonstrate further:
class Employee:
def __init__(self, name, empCode,pay):
self.name=name
self.empCode=empCode
self.pay=pay
e1 = Employee("Sarah",99,30000.00)
e2 = Employee("Asrar",100,60000.00)
print("Employee Details:")
print(" Name:",e1.name,"Code:", e1.empCode,"Pay:", e1.pay)
print(" Name:",e2.name,"Code:", e2.empCode,"Pay:", e2.pay)
---------------------------------------------------------------
Output
Employee Details:
(' Name:', 'Sarah', 'Code:', 99, 'Pay:', 30000.0)
(' Name:', 'Asrar', 'Code:', 100, 'Pay:', 60000.0)
In Python, you can trigger or raise exceptions using the following methods:
1. **Using the `raise` statement**: You can raise a specific exception by using `raise ExceptionType("Error message")`.
2. **Raising a built-in exception**: You can raise built-in exceptions like `ValueError`, `TypeError`, etc., directly with `raise ValueError("Invalid value")`.
3. **Using `raise` without arguments**: This re-raises the last exception caught in an `except` block.
4. **Custom exceptions**: You can define your own exception class and raise it using `raise MyCustomException("Error message")`.
5. **Using `assert` statement**: This raises an `AssertionError` if the condition is false, e.g., `assert condition, "Error message"`.
6. **Using `sys.exit()`**: This raises a `SystemExit` exception to terminate the program.
MVT stands for Model-View-Template, and MVC stands for Model-View-Controller. In Django, MVT is a variation of MVC where:
– Model: Represents the data and business logic.
– View: Handles the logic and interacts with the model to retrieve data.
– Template: Manages the presentation layer, rendering the data to the user.
Django uses MVT to separate concerns, similar to how MVC organizes code, but with a focus on templates for rendering HTML.