Find Interview Questions for Neudesic

Right Answer:
AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML) is a web development technique that allows web pages to communicate with a server and update content asynchronously without reloading the entire page. It works by using JavaScript to send requests to the server, which can return data (often in JSON or XML format) that the browser can then use to update the webpage dynamically.

Right Answer:
A web server handles an HTTP request by following these steps:

1. **Receive Request**: The server listens for incoming HTTP requests on a specific port (usually port 80 for HTTP or port 443 for HTTPS).
2. **Parse Request**: It parses the request to extract the method (GET, POST, etc.), URL, headers, and body.
3. **Process Request**: The server determines how to respond based on the request. This may involve retrieving files, querying a database, or executing server-side scripts.
4. **Generate Response**: It creates an HTTP response, which includes a status code (like 200 for success), headers, and the requested content (like HTML, JSON, etc.).
5. **Send Response**: The server sends the response back to the client (usually a web browser) over the network.
6. **Log Request**: Optionally, the server logs the request details for monitoring and analysis.

Right Answer:
Flexbox, or the Flexible Box Layout, is a CSS layout model that allows items in a container to be arranged and aligned efficiently. It works by defining a container as a flex container using `display: flex;`, which enables its direct children (flex items) to be laid out along a main axis (horizontal or vertical). You can control the alignment, direction, spacing, and size of these items using properties like `flex-direction`, `justify-content`, `align-items`, and `flex-wrap`. This makes it easier to create responsive layouts without using floats or positioning.

Right Answer:
Event bubbling is a JavaScript event propagation method where an event starts from the target element and bubbles up to its ancestors in the DOM hierarchy. Event delegation is a technique that involves attaching a single event listener to a parent element to manage events for multiple child elements, leveraging event bubbling to handle events efficiently.

Right Answer:

AWS, or Amazon Web Services, is a comprehensive cloud computing platform provided by Amazon that offers a wide range of services, including computing power, storage, and databases, as well as machine learning, analytics, and networking, allowing businesses to scale and grow without the need for physical infrastructure.

Right Answer:

Vertical scaling (scaling up) involves adding more power (CPU, RAM) to an existing server, while horizontal scaling (scaling out) involves adding more servers to distribute the load.

Right Answer:

A VPC (Virtual Private Cloud) is a virtual network dedicated to your AWS account, allowing you to launch AWS resources in a logically isolated environment.

Right Answer:

Elastic Beanstalk is a platform-as-a-service (PaaS) that simplifies application deployment and management, automatically handling infrastructure provisioning, load balancing, and scaling. CloudFormation, on the other hand, is an infrastructure-as-code (IaC) service that allows you to define and provision AWS resources using templates, giving you more control over the infrastructure setup but requiring more manual configuration.

Right Answer:

AWS Lambda is a serverless computing service that allows you to run code in response to events without provisioning or managing servers. It automatically scales and charges only for the compute time consumed.

Right Answer:

To create and switch to a new branch in Git, use the command:

“`
git checkout -b <branch-name>
“`

Right Answer:

To clone a repository, use the command:

“`
git clone <repository-url>
“`

Right Answer:

To resolve merge conflicts in Git, follow these steps:

1. Identify the files with conflicts by running `git status`.
2. Open the conflicted files in a text editor. Look for conflict markers (`<<<<<<<`, `=======`, `>>>>>>>`).
3. Manually edit the file to resolve the conflicts by choosing which changes to keep or combining them.
4. After resolving, save the file.
5. Stage the resolved files using `git add <filename>`.
6. Complete the merge by committing the changes with `git commit`.

Right Answer:

Tags in Git are used to mark specific points in the repository's history, often to denote release versions. To create a tag, use the command `git tag <tag-name>`. To push tags to the remote repository, use `git push origin <tag-name>` or `git push –tags` to push all tags at once.

Right Answer:

Git internals consist of four main components:

1. **Objects**: Git stores data as objects, which include blobs, trees, commits, and tags. Each object is identified by a SHA-1 hash.

2. **Blobs**: These are binary large objects that store the content of files. Each file's content is stored as a blob.

3. **Trees**: Trees represent directories and contain references to blobs (files) and other trees (subdirectories). They maintain the structure of the repository.

4. **Refs**: Refs are pointers to commits. They include branches and tags, allowing Git to track different versions of the project.

Together, these components enable Git to efficiently manage version control and track changes in a repository.

Right Answer:

To secure a Kubernetes cluster, you can implement the following measures:

1. **Use Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)**: Define roles and permissions to control access to resources.
2. **Enable Network Policies**: Restrict traffic between pods using network policies.
3. **Use Pod Security Policies**: Enforce security contexts for pods to control their capabilities and privileges.
4. **Secure etcd**: Encrypt etcd data at rest and use TLS for communication.
5. **Limit API Server Access**: Restrict access to the Kubernetes API server using firewalls and authentication mechanisms.
6. **Regularly Update Kubernetes**: Keep the cluster and its components up to date with security patches.
7. **Use Image Scanning**: Scan container images for vulnerabilities before deployment.
8. **Enable Audit Logging**: Monitor and log API requests for auditing purposes.
9. **Implement Secrets Management**: Use Kubernetes Secrets to manage sensitive information securely.
10. **Isolate Cluster Components**

Right Answer:

The main components of the Kubernetes architecture are:

1. **Master Node**: Manages the Kubernetes cluster and includes components like the API server, etcd, controller manager, and scheduler.
2. **Worker Nodes**: Run the applications and contain components like the kubelet, kube-proxy, and container runtime.
3. **etcd**: A distributed key-value store for storing cluster data.
4. **API Server**: The front-end for the Kubernetes control plane, handling requests and communication.
5. **Controller Manager**: Manages controllers that regulate the state of the cluster.
6. **Scheduler**: Assigns workloads to worker nodes based on resource availability.
7. **Kubelet**: An agent that runs on each worker node, ensuring containers are running in pods.
8. **Kube-proxy**: Manages network routing for services in the cluster.

Right Answer:

You can perform scaling in Kubernetes using the `kubectl scale` command to adjust the number of replicas in a deployment, or by configuring the Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA) to automatically scale the number of pods based on resource usage metrics.

Right Answer:

You can expose a Kubernetes application to the outside world by using a Service of type LoadBalancer, NodePort, or Ingress.

Right Answer:

Kubernetes performs service discovery through its built-in DNS service and environment variables. When a service is created, Kubernetes assigns it a DNS name and a stable IP address. Pods can use this DNS name to communicate with the service, allowing them to discover and connect to it easily. Additionally, Kubernetes updates environment variables in pods with service information, enabling another method for service discovery.

Right Answer:
API versioning is the practice of managing changes to an API by assigning version numbers to different iterations of the API. It is important in RESTful design because it allows developers to introduce new features or make changes without breaking existing client applications that rely on older versions, ensuring backward compatibility and a smoother transition for users.